Blackheads are a type of acne that occurs when pores become clogged with excess oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria. Unlike whiteheads, which are closed comedowns that appear as small white bumps on the skin’s surface, blackheads are open comedowns that have a dark appearance due to oxidation of the trapped debris. They commonly occur on the face, particularly in the T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin), but can also appear on the back, chest, and shoulders.
Blackheads form when excess oil (sebum) produced by the sebaceous glands combines with dead skin cells and bacteria to clog the hair follicles. This mixture forms a plug that blocks the pore and prevents it from properly shedding dead skin cells. The trapped debris then oxidizes when exposed to air, giving it a dark appearance.
Several factors contribute to the formation of blackheads. Hormonal changes during puberty or menstruation can increase oil production and lead to clogged pores. Excessive oil production can also be caused by genetics or certain medications. Poor skincare habits, such as not properly cleansing the skin or using harsh products, can also contribute to blackhead formation. Additionally, environmental factors like pollution and humidity can exacerbate the problem.
