The exact cause of acne fulminans remains unclear, but it is believed to be a severe inflammatory reaction to an overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria commonly associated with acne. This condition is often triggered by high levels of androgens, which can increase sebum production and clog hair follicles. Some experts also suggest that certain medications, such as anabolic steroids and isotretinoin, can precipitate acne fulminans. Additionally, genetic factors play a role, as those with a family history of severe acne are at higher risk. Understanding these triggers is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.